Risk factors

Knowing the risk factors for prostate cancer can help you determine if and when you want to begin prostate cancer screening. The main risk factors include:
Age. After age 50, your chance of having prostate cancer increases.
Race or ethnicity. For reasons that aren't well understood, black men have a higher risk of developing and dying of prostate cancer.
Family history. If your father or brother has prostate cancer, your risk of the disease is greater than that of the average man.
Diet. A high-fat diet and obesity may increase your risk of prostate cancer. One theory is that fat increases production of the hormone testosterone, which may promote the development of prostate cancer cells.
High testosterone levels. Because testosterone naturally stimulates the growth of the prostate gland, men who use testosterone therapy are more likely to develop prostate cancer than are men who have lower levels of testosterone. Also, doctors are concerned that testosterone therapy might fuel the growth of prostate cancer that is already present. Long-term testosterone treatment also may cause prostate gland enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia) .

GALL BLADDER DISORDERS

The gallbladder is a little pear-shaped pouch tucked behind the lobes of the liver. Its main job is to store up the cholesterol- rich bile that's secreted by the liver. Bile helps your body digest fatty foods. So when that piece of prime rib reaches the intestines, they send a message up to the gallbladder to send some bile their way. Once the bile saturates your steak, it becomes more digestible and easily makes its way through the rest of the digestive process.

At least that's the way things should work. But the reality is that many people, especially older people and women, will have some gallbladder trouble. Ninety percent of the time that trouble is in the form of gallstones. Gallstones form when the bile contains excessive amounts of cholesterol. When there isn't enough bile to saturate the cholesterol, the cholesterol begins to crystallize, and you get a gallstone. These tough bits can be as tiny as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. You may not even know you have gallstones unless you happen to have an ultrasound or X ray of your tummy. But the 20 percent of the time that gallstones do cause problems, it's excruciatingly painful.

Gallstones become a problem when they get pushed out of the gallbladder and into the tube that connects the liver and the small intestine. The tube gets blocked, and you get 20 minutes to 4 hours of indescribable agony. Pain usually radiates from your upper right abdominal area to your lower right chest, and it can even leave your shoulder and back in agony. Gallstones typically fall back into the gallbladder or make their way through the duct, leaving you feeling better. After you have an attack, you'll probably be sore and wonder what in the world happened.

Sometimes, though, the gallstones can get stuck in the bile duct. Symptoms of a stuck gallstone include chills, vomiting, and possibly jaundice in addition to the pain described above.

Causes

Cancer is a group of abnormal cells that grow more rapidly than normal cells and that refuse to die. Cancer cells also have the ability to invade and destroy normal tissues, either by growing directly into surrounding structures or after traveling to another part of your body through your bloodstream or lymph system (metastasize) . Microscopic cancer cells develop into small clusters that continue to grow, becoming more densely packed and hard.

What causes prostate cancer and why some types behave differently are unknown. Research suggests that a combination of factors may play a role, including heredity, ethnicity, hormones, diet and the environment.

Cholesterolosis of the Gall Bladder – A Common Gall Bladder Disorder

Cholesterolosis is a common affection of the biliary system, characterized by the accumulation and deposition of cholesterol inside the gall bladder and in its mucosal membranes. Cholesterolosis usually occurs due to chemical imbalances at the level of the biliary system and the disorder is rarely associated with high serum cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis. Cholesterolosis generally occurs on the premises of inappropriate activity of the gall bladder and changes in the composition of bile, facilitating the deposition of cholesterol inside the gall bladder and biliary ducts. In the absence of an appropriate treatment, cholesterolosis can lead to serious complications, including gall bladder cancer. cholesterolosis commonly affects women. Also, cholesterolosis has the highest incidence in people with ages over 50. Most patients with cholesterolosis are asymptomatic, rarely experiencing symptoms such as diffuse abdominal pain or discomfort. While the disorder is treatable in its early stages, advanced forms of cholesterolosis require surgical intervention. Medical reports indicate that cholesterolosis is responsible for more than 50 percent of cholecystectomies. Cholesterolosis can affect the gall bladder locally or generally. General forms of cholesterolosis appear as inflammation of the gall bladder mucosa, corroborated with yellow staining of the gall bladder tissues and membranes (due to deposition of fat). Localized forms of cholesterolosis are characterized by the formation of small polyps, soft prominences that emerge from the gall bladder interior walls. The size of these polyps varies from 1 to 10 mm.
Cholesterolosis can be only be revealed by modern scanning techniques such as ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound tests can quickly unveil the presence of polyps and lipidic masses associated with cholesterolosis. Polyps appear as immobile prominences attached to gall bladder mucosal walls. The presence of these prominences rarely involves hardening or thickening of the gall bladder interior membranes. Patients who present smaller polyps usually receive medication treatments for overcoming the disorder. However, the presence of larger polyps often involves cholecystectomy. Patients confronted with such gall bladder problems may also receive biopsies before surgery. Although gall bladder polyps are usually benign, cholesterolosis can also lead to malignant activity at the level of the biliary system.

How Do I Stop Gallbladder Pain?

Very simply gallbladder pain is typically caused by gallstones. So what causes gallstones? This has confused a great many people due to the incredible amount of misinformation out there. I would like to simplify it for you so you can easily stop gallbladder pain and regain control of your life. You see, gallstones are almost always cholesterol deposits. It is a lesser known fact that you do not ever, ever need to get cholesterol from your diet. Although a small amount of cholesterol is important in your body, your liver naturally produces all the cholesterol you will ever need. But, we aren't the only ones who naturally produce cholesterol. All other animals do as well. When we eat them, we take in their cholesterol as well. This causes our net cholesterol, both HDL and LDL to go way up. This increase in cholesterol is what leads to heart disease and many other harmful conditions, including gallstones which is the cause of your gallbladder pain.
So the most effective way to reverse gallbladder pain is to stop eating animal foods. That means meat (white meat and fish too). It also means you have to stop eating dairy foods which includes butter, cream, milk, cheese, etc... It's a very simple reason. Gallbladder pain is caused by cholesterol in the diet. Cholesterol in the diet comes ONLY from animal foods. It would be like having a cut on your finger and instead of putting a band aid on it, you keep rubbing it with sand paper. It won't ever heal. Now at this point you may be nodding your head in agreement, but if not, don't take my word for it. Do more research and you will quickly find that I am right. Assuming you come to see that your diet is the cause of your pain, you begin to wonder what in the world you would actually eat, but there is very good news for you. You can begin eating foods that will not only reverse and completely stop gallbladder pain, but will also protect you against heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity and all other known ailments and diseases.
Well, they include vegetables, fruits, dark leafy greens, legumes, nuts, seeds and basically anything else in the vegetable kingdom. Remember, there is NO cholesterol in the vegetable kingdom and in order to allow your body to stop creating more and more gallstones that will continue to grow in size, you have to cut cholesterol out of your diet. There are many wonderful cookbooks out there and restaurants that will create delicious meals, so you don't suffer the withdrawal of not eating animals foods anymore. Just do a little research and more importantly, get started as soon as possible. If not, you will most certainly be at the mercy of your gallbladder pain which will continue to get worse and worse until you are forced to have your gallbladder removed. Please, remember that having your gallbladder removed does not solve the problem and most people find the pain continues after they have had their gallbladder removed.

Causes and Types of Gall Bladder Disease

The gall bladder is a small organ that is situated in the vicinity of the liver. The liver produces bile, a substance that has a very important role in the digestion of fat. The gall bladder stores the bile produced by the liver and expels it inside the small intestine when the substance is required in the digestion of foods containing fat. Many people suffer from gall bladder disease these days. The disease has a high incidence in elderly people and statistics indicate that around 15 percent of people with gall bladder disease have ages over 50. Gall bladder disease mostly occurs in women, as estrogen facilitates the development of the illness. Children and teenagers rarely develop gall bladder disease and young patients usually suffer from milder forms of the disorder. Gall bladder disease has a high incidence in overweight people, people with internal disorders and people with high blood cholesterol levels.
Gall bladder disease is caused by gallstones. Gallstones are formed due to the excess of cholesterol in the bile or incomplete emptying of the gall bladder. Sometimes, gallstones are formed when the gall bladder removes too much water from the stored bile. Gallstones are solid formations that accumulate inside the gall bladder, blocking the access of the bile. The diseased gall bladder can’t sustain its normal activity and the process of digestion is perturbed. Gall bladder disease can usually be overcome through diet and medical treatments. However, in serious forms of the disease, doctors recommend the removal of the diseased gall bladder through the means of surgical intervention. Gall bladder disease can be either chronic or acute. Chronic cholecystitis is less serious and generates milder symptoms, while acute cholecystitis may in some cases require surgery.
The gall bladder is not considered to be a vital organ and if it is removed. The body can still sustain its normal activity. However, in the absence of the gall bladder, the liver has to produce more quantities of bile whenever food that contains fat enters the small intestine. Without a gall bladder, food digestion and absorption can sometimes be affected. People who had their gall bladder surgically removed need to respect a low-fat diet and limit the amount of food consumed during their meals. With appropriate medical treatment and good diet, the body will begin to cope with the absence of the gall bladder.

Dorsal rhizotomy

One option is dorsal rhizotomy, a procedure in which surgeons identify and cut a portion of the spinal sensory roots that provide input to spastic leg muscles. Another option is intrathecal baclofen. In this procedure, an intraspinal catheter is placed and connected to a reservoir under the skin of the abdomen. This mechanism continuously pumps small amounts of an ant spastic medication called baclofen into the fluid around the spinal cord.

These surgeries require careful screening and an expert team of health professionals, including pediatric neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, pediatric neurologists, pediatric physiatrists and physical therapists.

Assistive technology. A range of devices and gadgets can help with communication, mobility and daily tasks. Assistive technology includes such small things as rails, grab bars, magnifiers, and Velcro grips attached to forks and pens to make them easier to grasp. It also includes more expensive, high-tech tools, such as customized wheelchairs, voice communication devices, computer software programs, and positioning equipment that puts a child in the correct posture to sit or stand with other kids or family members. These devices and gadgets for school and home can make a big difference in the lives of children with cerebral palsy.